Try these steps to fix many of those oddball/intermittent problems
and
make Windows system work better.
It is amazing how many glitches this takes care of, so this
should
be done before any other extensive troubleshooting (except for missing data).
The minimal basics any end user can and should run on a regular basis
Regular Basis = Between Monthly and Annually depending on how much you use your system.
Shut down all programs you are running, or reboot to be fresh, and then follow the next two steps in order.
1) Windows Search for 'cleanup' to find Disk Cleanup (or old school; Start, Programs, Accessories, System Tools, Disk Cleanup): It will go think a minute or so
(dependent on how full your drive is). Make sure you select all EXCLUDING 'Compress old files' and 'Office Setup Files', then click on OK
2) Windows Search for 'defrag' to find Defragment and Optimize Drives or Disk Defragmenter (or old school; Start, Programs, Accessories, System Tools, Disk Defragmenter): Select C: and click on Defragment.
This will take awhile, especially the first time, so it is best to leave this for the end of day or lunchtime. Other drives can be defragmented occasionally. Note: if you have SSD (Solid-state Drives) you usually don't need to do this step.
This gives you most of what those cleanup programs do without the expense or learning curve.
Moving forward to keep things running well:
Avoid having Folders on your desktop. While they don't look like they take up space, their presence does slow down your computer as every refresh of several key parts of Windows causes the entire folder to be reread which takes a bit of time. It is better to have those folders available in your Start Menu.
Note: The fewer programs/apps you install, the better. There are many 'cute' and tempting apps that will slow your system down even if you uninstall them later (unless you actually like re-installing Windows from scratch every year).
Removing and avoiding installing CrapWare will also help keep your system running well. For a good run down on what to do, see this LifeHacker article. I don't use the same tools, which shows the range available.
It would be worth occasionally getting a technically savvy person who isn't scared away from the details steps below to run through those details on your system. LifeHacker has a good discussion on this topic.
This was originally started based on a Win95 system but the concepts are readily
transferable to other versions of Windows, which I test and tune these steps as I work with the different versions of Windows as I can get to them.
So far this has been tested from Windows 95 up through Windows 10, & Windows Server 2012 R2 with great success.
- While Mac users don't need it as much, they can also benefit from similar treatment as written up on Lifehacker. An author I follow blogged his recommendation of Clean My Mac 2 along with a few comments on the free tools he uses. Another option might be the Joe On Tech guide:Speeding Up Your Mac
- Linux users can also benefit from this
write-up.
The Fine Detail Steps for Techs to really clean a system
If any of you can figure out how to automate any of this, please
share with the rest of us (especially Andy Konecny who is trying to
sort this out but never has the free time to do so). So far CCleaner
comes the closest.
Scan for Viruses with an up to date anti Virus scanner. Make sure
the A/V is updating itself.
Scan for SpyWare with an up to-date SpyWare detectors such as SpyBot (two are better than
just one in this battle)
Make sure all programs are shut down, especially antivirus as
that it will slow this down.
Delete all *.tmp andall ~*.* files off of
C: using
whichever file management tool you like. e.g. for Win9x Start,
Find, Files
or Folders. After it has found all that it is going to find, select
the a file in the list, then Ctrl-A to select all, and then press the
Del key. Alternately, in a DOS/CMD box, CD to the root of the
drive (CD \) and type "del *.tmp /s" then ~*.*
Delete everything in the Temp and TMP directories.
Originally that was c:\win*\temp but can now be in a couple of places.
C:\Documents and Settings(or Users)\userID\Local Settings(hidden?)\temp
is the default for Win2K & XP. Doing a search for 'temp' would not
be a bad idea on older Windows, but starting with Win2K gets ugly for
this unless you can set it to not search compressed files.. Best bet to
move forward, go to Control Panel, System, Advanced, Environment
variable, set TEMP and TMP to a location of your choosing such as
C:\temp. Ideal is to have all your temporary and files going to another
local drive partition to reduce how fast your C: drive gets fragmented.
Clear InterNet Explorer's cache: Windows Start, Settings, Control
Panel, Internet (Options), {or from in IE: Tools, Internet Options},
General Tab, "Temporary Internet file" or "Browsing history",
Delete..., Delete Files, or Empty folder. While you are in there, click
on the Settings button just next to the previous button you pressed and
set the 'disk space to use:' to 42.
(Note that different versions of IE have slightly different locations
than this almost every version, just to make things 'interesting' for
us)
Note that the previous three steps can be mostly done in
Win98/2000 and up, under Programs, Accessories, System Tools, Disk Cleanup. This will get a lot but often
not all of the temp files, but at least it is a start.
If NetScape Navigator/Communicator/Mozilla/older FireFox is/are
present, start it up, Edit, Preferences,
Advanced, Cache, Clear Disk Cache. On newer FireFox, start it up,
Tools, Options, Advanced, Network, Clear Now. While you in that area,
make sure cache space is set to 50MB or less (I like 42MB, many people
work well at 20MB)
Reduce the size of your Browse cache to less than 50MB (50000KB)
as the defaults are usually a lot more causing your system to slow down
as it fills. The location is in the same area for clearing the cache.
Start, Programs, Accessories, System Tools, ScanDisk, perform a
thorough
scan on C: (if not available try typing SCANDISK at a DOS/command
prompt)
Delete any old scandisk result files from the root of C:\
If running Lotus Notes, compress the main local database, right
click
on the
database (e.g. Andy Konecny on Local), Database properties, second tab
with the I symbol, compact. It there are other local databases, they
should be compressed occasionally as well.
Run the CCleaner tool as it
performs some of the above and more. If you like your history or
cookies, don't run it on defaults but carefully pick what you want
cleaned up.
Start,
Programs, Accessories, System Tools, Defrag C: (Windows7 - Start,
Programs, Accessories, System Tools, Disk Defragmenter) and run it
even
if
it says its not fragmented because it is measuring fragmentation of
files
not fragmentation of disk space. (if not available try typing DEFRAG at
a DOS/command prompt)
Note that even a new install of Windows can really benefit from a
defrag as the installation process does cause fragmentation to occur.
Third party defrag tools used to work even better, but between much fewer OS drives on spinning drive, and just plain faster systems, the need for defragmentation isn't as critical as it used to be.
See the
Wikipedia's Entry
on Defragmentation
If your drive just doesn't work anymore and you can't justify the cost
of a data recovery service, you may have to use the hardware defragmenter
to work out your frustrations on it (note that this is generally fatal
to the data on the drive, but helps scramble the data even more to block forensic recovery, and gives you shiny bits for crafting with).
Remember to re-enable antivirus after initial testing but before
leaving that system
Reboot the system and then see if the issues are still a problem.
Steps you can take to reduce how fast your system gets fragmented.
Add more RAM: Nowadays(2016) with Windows Vista+, consider 8GB a minimum with more being much better, noting that 32bit versions max out at 3GB and 64bit is limited by the hardware. 2GB is the minimum for Windows Vista+, Windows XPsp3 now wants at least 512MB as a minimum with 1GB being a practical minimum, and Win2K needs at least 128MB (Win9x can scrape by with 64MB)
Set up a permanent fixed swap file. Note that was more of an
issue in the past, but now that Windows(Vista+) is handling it more
intelligently and most defragment tools can now defragment this file,
these steps are more for moving it to a separate harddrive for
performance(a real drive, not just a separate partition), or just space
management if you underestimated how big Windows would bloat to when
you partitioned your drive(s).
- Assuming >32MB physical RAM, >300MB free space on C:, and
Windows 9x.
Follow the above steps, but before doing the Defrag disable virtual
memory; Control Panel, System, Performance, Virtual Memory. Reboot to
Safe Mode (F5 at boot time) and run a Defrag. go back to Control Panel,
System, Performance, Virtual Memory, "specify my own virtual settings",
set both the min and max to 256MB (or 4 times RAM, which ever is less).
You can check SpeedGuides
recommendations for specific customizations.
- Assuming >128MB physical RAM, >1GB free space on C:, and Win2K
+.
As above, just make sure the total of Virtual Memory and Physical
Memory are at least 600MB and many power users can readily use up to a
1000MB (know thy applications).
Certainly never just disable the pagefile, some programs demand its
existence and will break if it isn't there. See This
LifeHacker article for more about it.
Install and use an advanced defragmentation tool such as Norton
Utilities which adds some intelligence to where files are placed
on the hard drive so that rarely used or update files are all together
at the edges and all the frequently changed files near the free space.
Notes: If ScanDisk and/or Defrag keep restarting, here are some
things to look at to prevent them.
Make sure you have no programs running, especially such things as
AntiVirus, and Instant Messaging that hide in the system tray will
cause restarts. Of course hainge made sure that there are no Viruses or
SpyWare running.
In Win9x, boot in SafeMode by hitting F5 as the system starts.
Additional: Tools such as LitePC
can also make a big difference in increasing performance of a system in
addition to the above steps.
Some ISPs even occasionally have Spring Cleaning instructions that
are worth reading, keeping a copy, and passing on to other typical end
user.
Networking clients can also have significant impact on access,
speed, security,and other oddities, so making sure you are running
only what you need is important.
For advanced users:
If a system is acting odd or slow, it could be due to extra stuff
running on your system, so knowing what is running is a good thing to
figure out
Ctl-Shft-Esc brings up the Windows Task Manager. Check under
applications to make sure they all make sense and then look under
Processes to learn lots. Basically check each item against the
references below to make sure they should be there and then you can
remove the ones that are of no or negative value to you. They will
typically be started either from your Startup folder or via Regedit
(for experienced techs only: My
Computer\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run
)
If a service you are running is not listed, Google for it and if
that doesn't find you some details then it is very likely a fairly new
virus, worm, or spyware and you system requires even more advanced work
on it.
